The modes are the sequence of seven notes you're choosing from. If we're counting in half-steps (where 12 half-steps is an octave and gets you back to the same

The modes are the sequence of seven notes you're choosing from. If we're counting in half-steps (where 12 half-steps is an octave and gets you back to the same note), the different modes would look like... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lydian: (R, R+2, R+4, R+6, R+7, R+9, R+11) Ionian (Major): (R, R+2, R+4, R+5, R+7, R+9, R+11) Mixolydian: (R, R+2, R+4, R+5, R+7, R+9, R+10) Dorian: (R, R+2, R+3, R+5, R+7, R+9, R+10) Aeolian (Minor): (R, R+2, R+3, R+5, R+7, R+8, R+10) Phrygian: (R, R+1, R+3, R+5, R+7, R+8, R+10) Locrian: (R, R+1, R+3, R+5, R+6, R+8, R+10) Melodic: (R, R+2, R+3, R+5, R+7, R+9, R+11) Harmonic: (R, R+2, R+3, R+5, R+7, R+8, R+11) Then, once you have your mode, you form chords by picking a starting note (from one to seven) and then stacking every other note from there. We're only building triads, so stop after stacking three notes. So, if we're in Ionian, the chords would be... I: (R, R+4, R+7) ii: (R+2, R+5, R+9) iii: (R+4, R+7, R+11) IV: (R+5, R+9, R) V: (R+7, R+11, R+2) vi: (R+9, R, R+4) vii: (R+11, R+2, R+5) Instead of playing the three notes simultaneously, the arpeggiator here is playing them one at a time in different orders and octaves. Hope that helped!