Actually we really know a lot about how neurons work. We've got the biophysical properties down, and we understand neurotransmission at the cellular/molecular l

Actually we really know a lot about how neurons work. We've got the biophysical properties down, and we understand neurotransmission at the cellular/molecular level for a lot of different types of neurons. We understand signal processing where we transduce sound, smell, sight, touch, taste into neurochemical signals. We even know a decent amount about the early phases of the processing of these "raw data" signals into higher levels of abstraction (e.g. edge detection for vision). What we don't understand is the later phases of processing (advanced layers of abstraction) all the way up to conscious sensation.