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>> and has a cell to cell infection vector. I am an absolute noob in science, but still want to ask out of curiosity. If a biological virus can have a cell to

>> and has a cell to cell infection vector. I am an absolute noob in science, but still want to ask out of curiosity. If a biological virus can have a cell to cell infection vector, can't an anti-body or immunogen also have a cell-to-cell "replenishing" factor?

kendallpark 10y ago
Antibodies are secreted extracellularly so they won't be any use unless the HIV antigens are expressing on the outside of the cell. There are defense mechanisms for dealing with intracellular viruses but these do not involve antibodies.
mac01021 10y ago
A virus hijacks the resources of a host cell to create copies of itself. These copies can then then move into nearby cells and hijack those too, setting off a biological chain reaction. An antibody is just a protein molecule with no ability to create copies of itself. It might move from one cell to another, but that does create a new synthesizer of the antibody at the new location, and so does not trigger a spread of the antibody throughout the tissue or organism.
dogma1138 10y ago
Like mentioned already by another poster antibodies are an extracellular mechanism, they do not function within the cell. Cell to call transfer and communication happens all the time, cells share nutrients and many other things, some viruses take advantage of that mechanism allowing them to basically cross cellular and tissue boundaries. Some can exploit this to the extreme by actually replicating only parts of themselves in each cell and using the cell to cell transfer highway to be finally assembled in another cell, this is often used to prevent cell suicide since one of the intracellular defense mechanism is basically the cell invoking cell death upon detecting an infection. If you want an analogy from the technology world think about it as staged payloads that some malware use, each payload on it's own is undetectable and even non-functional but when everything reaches the final target all the payloads are assembled into the final piece of malware that takes over the targeted host ;)
- eecc 10y ago
  That's fascinating. Are you just speculating or is there some paperwork describing these findings?
  - dogma1138 10y ago
    Speculating about what? If you are interested in cell to cell infections NIH has an article about it https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587356/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587356/ There are quite a few other sources on Google, overall viruses are pretty sneaky, some of them even ask the cell politely to establish new cell to cell contacts to facilitate cell to cell infection. You might also like to look up virus assembly and budding, since it's also a pretty interesting topic, you might have viruses that do cell to cell infection of their naked forms then the final polymerization of their shells happens in another cell and they might even do the final budding in another. Expect nightmares tho ;) P.S. Cell to cell transfers might also be called exocytosis (sometimes also called reversed endocytosis) (exit) and endocytosis (entry) so if you are googling and can't find what you need might need to use the scientific terms.

kendallpark 10y ago

Antibodies are secreted extracellularly so they won't be any use unless the HIV antigens are expressing on the outside of the cell. There are defense mechanisms for dealing with intracellular viruses but these do not involve antibodies.

mac01021 10y ago

A virus hijacks the resources of a host cell to create copies of itself. These copies can then then move into nearby cells and hijack those too, setting off a biological chain reaction. An antibody is just a protein molecule with no ability to create copies of itself. It might move from one cell to another, but that does create a new synthesizer of the antibody at the new location, and so does not trigger a spread of the antibody throughout the tissue or organism.

dogma1138 10y ago

Like mentioned already by another poster antibodies are an extracellular mechanism, they do not function within the cell. Cell to call transfer and communication happens all the time, cells share nutrients and many other things, some viruses take advantage of that mechanism allowing them to basically cross cellular and tissue boundaries. Some can exploit this to the extreme by actually replicating only parts of themselves in each cell and using the cell to cell transfer highway to be finally assembled in another cell, this is often used to prevent cell suicide since one of the intracellular defense mechanism is basically the cell invoking cell death upon detecting an infection. If you want an analogy from the technology world think about it as staged payloads that some malware use, each payload on it's own is undetectable and even non-functional but when everything reaches the final target all the payloads are assembled into the final piece of malware that takes over the targeted host ;)

eecc 10y ago
That's fascinating. Are you just speculating or is there some paperwork describing these findings?
- dogma1138 10y ago
  Speculating about what? If you are interested in cell to cell infections NIH has an article about it https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587356/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3587356/ There are quite a few other sources on Google, overall viruses are pretty sneaky, some of them even ask the cell politely to establish new cell to cell contacts to facilitate cell to cell infection. You might also like to look up virus assembly and budding, since it's also a pretty interesting topic, you might have viruses that do cell to cell infection of their naked forms then the final polymerization of their shells happens in another cell and they might even do the final budding in another. Expect nightmares tho ;) P.S. Cell to cell transfers might also be called exocytosis (sometimes also called reversed endocytosis) (exit) and endocytosis (entry) so if you are googling and can't find what you need might need to use the scientific terms.