> My opinion still is that data must be normalized with explicit procedure calls. Doing stuff implicitly is neither beneficient to efficiency nor to comprehensi

> My opinion still is that data must be normalized with explicit procedure calls. Doing stuff implicitly is neither beneficient to efficiency nor to comprehensibility. It can certainly benefit comprehensibility. Needing to explicitly normalize before I can apply standard comparisons leaves more space for things to go wrong. "Having a value of this type means that I have a normalized value" means I have fewer things to keep track of. (I do note that there is significant space between "it can benefit comprehensibility" and "it will always benefit comprehensibility" - that depends on what I need to be readily able to pull out of the implementation from a quick read of surface syntax) Also, some things may have an easy equality check while normalizing may be expensive or impossible - although I sadly can't think of any examples off the top of my head.