You can't really expect everyone to be available on-call though. If the people in 1) want to fix their own code, why can't they do it more often? Where I work

You can't really expect everyone to be available on-call though. If the people in 1) want to fix their own code, why can't they do it more often? Where I work we have a separate pager duty group, that anyone can join. Why would you? Because a) you care, and/or b) the compensation is great. If you don't want to, that's great. No one will hold it against you. We are people after all.