There is a monumental amount of "faster horse" in modern OS deployment. Hypervisors, and their ugly cousin - secure monitors, are an example of Conway's Law. Th

There is a monumental amount of "faster horse" in modern OS deployment. Hypervisors, and their ugly cousin - secure monitors, are an example of Conway's Law. They exist because there are different groups involved in writing the kernel, user land, and server deployment. The author seems to feel that everything will concentrate at the hypervisor level - kernel and user land just a "detail" as they are single-purpose. However, you should spot that really the kernel and userland can be compressed into one layer. So why are there 3 layers at all? Then we have kernel and user land again and hey we just came full circle. Again, it's just a reflection of how the organizations are arranged. Given a single organization with authority over the entire stack, it would be a terrible waste to have that 3 layer stack.