Well, design patterns are an abstraction. You can build an abstraction where a car as a particle for a thought experiment or where a car is 3d vehicle with a d

Well, design patterns are an abstraction. You can build an abstraction where a car as a particle for a thought experiment or where a car is 3d vehicle with a deformable chassis for crash simulation. Both can represent a vehicle to certain level of detail. The correctness of using each level of detail is very context sensitive. To model a problem after a design pattern can have a lot of overhead, but it can objectively produce a working solution. Now, if the design pattern is really a way to solve a problem in terms of constraints imposed by a type system or a language, once you add, change or remove those constraints the problem solving approach might stop making sense or being optimal.