The second law of thermodynamics just follows from statistics and a large number of interacting particles. It's not actually inviolable as the article says. The

The second law of thermodynamics just follows from statistics and a large number of interacting particles. It's not actually inviolable as the article says. There are whole books written about far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics, and the fluctuation theorem quantifies the probability of entropy increasing https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation_theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluctuation_theorem