Noting that neural nets are associative memories, one would think the best one can get out for the rationale of a specific outcome would be the high level land

Noting that neural nets are associative memories, one would think the best one can get out for the rationale of a specific outcome would be the high level land marks of the dynamics, starting from a given input and all the way to the outcome ... is there anything else one would expect to get out from the system?