As someone who was a VLSI design engineer for 4 years, as well has extensive software experience, much of the disruption happened because of poor engineering.

As someone who was a VLSI design engineer for 4 years, as well has extensive software experience, much of the disruption happened because of poor engineering. There should always be redundancies in critical systems. The groups such as Twitter, Reddit and Spotify did not use redundant DNS providers relying only on Dyn. Moreover, DNS should be designed so that the systems are more resilient to attacks. The initial design of the internet was meant to withstand nuclear attacks after all. There is absolutely no way that we can protect all devices on the internet from being bots, etc. Just as it is almost pointless blaming hackers when in most cases the hacks were because breeches from failure to update software, to put in proper security software, and to hire top level consultants to implement secure systems. Put another way, we can't possibly jail everyone who would want to steal money. That is why we use safes.