Literacy and education, starting to be seen as useful for all classes in the 19th century, following a long period of scientific progress among the higher class

Literacy and education, starting to be seen as useful for all classes in the 19th century, following a long period of scientific progress among the higher classes during the 17th and 18th century. Cheap manufacturing of more or less everything, including high quality food, newspapers and books. More people, although there are many countries with a lot of people and no scientific advance, so you also need the above.