The old fashioned way: by providing a service. Here is an example. We'll assume an imaginary decentralized communication platform. Alice wants to chat with Bao

The old fashioned way: by providing a service. Here is an example. We'll assume an imaginary decentralized communication platform. Alice wants to chat with Baozhai. Alice speaks English, Baozhai speaks Mandarin. They connect and chat (in their own language). Each capability here, identity, presence, and translation is provided by service providers. Alice and Baozhai have paid for these services.