As others have pointed out, revision control. That said, Jupyter supports more languages than R Notebooks. For the best of both worlds, org-mode takes the revi

As others have pointed out, revision control. That said, Jupyter supports more languages than R Notebooks. For the best of both worlds, org-mode takes the revisionable approach of R Notebooks, but supports just about any language you could want. Org-mode simply requires turning on inline preview to duplicate the functionality of R notebooks. Also, org-mode as a markup format supports some important features such as cross-references that are unsupported by RMarkdown. Org-mode is the oldest of these three notebooks, yet is the most full-featured. If anything, the fact that you can do so very, very much more with org-mode is probably why it's the least popular. That and being tied to emacs in the same way that R notebooks is tied to RStudio. Nevertheless, I have to wonder if we all wouldn't have been better off building a non-emacs implementation of org-mode rather than Jupyter and R Notebooks.