I'm pretty skeptical about the possibilities of colonizing Venus. I think you're underselling a few things, though: 1. We don't at all know what the gravity

I'm pretty skeptical about the possibilities of colonizing Venus. I think you're underselling a few things, though: 1. We don't at all know what the gravity advantage is. It might be a net disadvantage -- like, maybe there's no real advantage of earth gravity, and it makes launch and land more difficult. But, on the other hand, maybe 10 or 20 years of Martian gravity causes disastrous health consequences for humans. We don't know! We're pretty confident that 10 years of zero gravity would cause disastrous health consequences. It is reasonable to imagine that Martian gravity would be a lot better. On the other hand, it would also be reasonable to imagine it wouldn't be enough better. Venus gravity is pretty clearly safe for humans. 2. There are a lot of advantages to being surrounded by abundant gasses that you need to create your own atmosphere, and also to have a much less than 1 atmosphere pressure differential between your hab and your surroundings. On Mars, you could mine dry ice to replenish your atmosphere, but only in some areas, and with a lot more infrastructure than it would take to suck in some Venus atmosphere and process it into breathable atmosphere. 3. Radiation protection is a pretty big deal for long term habitability. Like, it's not necessarily a giant problem for a scientific outpost, but if you want human habitation to cover hundreds of square kilometers and be viable over centuries, how are you dealing with the radiation on Mars? Is everything subterranean? (subarean?) That's a huge amount of additional effort.