Each power has its own norms for network exploitation operations, and thinks their own model is the only "right" one. 1. United States, FVEY, Germany model: e

Each power has its own norms for network exploitation operations, and thinks their own model is the only "right" one. 1. United States, FVEY, Germany model: exfiltrate the maximum amount of information from foreign governments and an expedient amount of information from SOEs to satisfy unlimited desire of information by decision makers in government. Occasionally throw a bone to domestic business but only via government trade negotiators. Perform offensive actions only in warfare or warfare-like situations. Leave coups, election manipulation, etc to HUMINT and military action only. 2. China (pre-2016) model: exfiltrate the maximum amount of information from companies and an expedient amount of information from foreign governments, to provide commercial information to satisfy unlimited desire of information by domestic businesses and SOEs and to satisfy limited desire of information by decision makers in government. 3. China (2016) model (ostensibly with the new treaty): exfiltrate an expedient amount of information from foreign governments. 4. France model: exfiltrate an expedient amount of information from companies and foreign governments to satisfy desire of information by domestic businesses and decision makers in government. 5. Russia (pre-2016) model: exfiltrate an expedient amount of information from foreign governments. Perform offensive actions only in warfare or warfare-like situations. 6. Russia (2016) model: exfiltrate an expedient amount of information from foreign governments. Perform destructive actions only in warfare or warfare-like situations. Perform election manipulation via network exploitation in addition to HUMINT and military action! I think the "complaining" is an apt description of what's going on. However, complaining is a legitimate reaction to having one's elections tampered with. Iran has a legitimate complaint to the US's meddling in its affairs in the 1950s. Pres. Obama clearly sees a cyber treaty as a priority, as the US is in the process of negotiations with China. Russia should follow. I agree that complaining by itself isn't productive. Escalation would also be bad. Norms established by treaties appear to be the only effective method. It mostly put an end to the great powers using chemical weapons.