I'm both European and Australian. I have cards in both countries with Chip-only, Chip+NFC, and (still!) two stripe only. In Australia, you can activate the car

I'm both European and Australian. I have cards in both countries with Chip-only, Chip+NFC, and (still!) two stripe only. In Australia, you can activate the card terminal by inserting it, swiping it or tapping it. There is no difference in liability shifting. In Europe, if you insert the card you'll be prompted for your PIN. If the transactions succeeds, the liability is shifted to you (the cardholder). It just happens to be what consumers have become used to in each country.