It's really distinguishing the logical structure of a sentence from the grammatical structure. The explanation for why "The present king of France is bald" is

It's really distinguishing the logical structure of a sentence from the grammatical structure. The explanation for why "The present king of France is bald" is the example Russel gives, where it might be hard to say this statement is false when there is no current king of France. Another interesting example is "The average woman has 2.2 children." If you intuitively think that noun phrases refer to things (rather than sets), you'd have to admit the existence of some sort of an "average woman" and the property of having 2.2 kids.