But I've seen a lot of courses where it isn't. Among the many techniques I've seen used: - Raw average, then set letter cutoffs for a normal distribution acro

But I've seen a lot of courses where it isn't. Among the many techniques I've seen used: - Raw average, then set letter cutoffs for a normal distribution across students. Arbitrary on distribution, normal on letter. - "Skew high" by counting missed points more weakly as you miss more. Inflated letters with a score-accurate relative distribution. - "Fixed and curved", where each cutoff is based on the more (or less!) generous of standard deviations and 'conventional' grade brackets: the floor for A is either 92%+ or +2 SD from mean, B is 83%+ or +1 SD, etc. Bizarre and distorted everything, since the relevant cap is determined by the local distribution. - God knows what else. So honestly, I think post-curve data is a hopelessly course-specific, nonlinear mess.