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There appears to be a great deal of conflation in many of these comments between quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation makes us
by tempestn 10y ago
There appears to be a great deal of conflation in many of these comments between quantum entanglement and quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation makes use of entanglement, but is a different thing entirely.
In short, quantum entanglement is an effect that causes two quantum particles to share state instantaneously over arbitrary distances. It can not be used to transmit information faster than the speed of light, essentially because while it is possible to manipulate the particle at one end, it is not possible to arbitrarily set it to a chosen state (and as described fully in the no communication theorem)[1].
Quantum teleportation is a way to transmit quantum information, ie the quantum state of a 'qubit', using both quantum entanglement and a classical communication channel. Because classical communication is required, no faster than light communication is possible. However, quantum teleportation is necessary if you want to transmit quantum information.
To very briefly sum up how it works, you start with a qubit whose state you want to transmit, along with two entangled particles, and a 'receiving' qubit that will receive the state of the sending qubit. Through an interaction between the sending qubit and the entangled particle on the sending side, the quantum state of the entangled particles is set to one of four possibilities. Which of the four possibilities resulted is sent via the classical communication channel from sending to receiving end. The receiving end then uses that information, along with the receiving-end entangled particle, to manipulate the receiving qubit into the identical state as the sending qubit, thereby 'teleporting' that state from sending to receiving end. The Wikipedia article has a more thorough layman's description, as well as the underlying math[2].
Caveat: I'm an engineer, not a physicist, so I may have made a mistake here as well, but the main take-away is that quantum teleportation is not the same thing as quantum entanglement, and its purpose is not FTL communication, but rather communication of quantum states.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-communication_theorem
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_teleportation