From the paper: '..over the last thirty years there has been an increase in involuntary part time employment.' 'There has been no sustained or substantial dec

From the paper: '..over the last thirty years there has been an increase in involuntary part time employment.' 'There has been no sustained or substantial decrease in the level of involuntary part time employment among women since it increased during the recession of the early 1990s.' 'involuntary part time employment increased strongly during the economic recessions in the early 1980s and 1990s, as well as the economic slowdown in 2001.' Your paper was published in June 2008, before the '08 Crisis. Choosing to work Part-Time is a privilege. Companies use Part Time work to avoid paying benefits, leave, etc. Keeping employees in a sort of limbo to save costs.