Web browsers are HTML engines, so almost everything that runs in [the document frame of] a web browser is indeed HTML. You cannot under any normal circumstances

Web browsers are HTML engines, so almost everything that runs in [the document frame of] a web browser is indeed HTML. You cannot under any normal circumstances get a browser to execute JavaScript outside the context of a document – even in the Developer Console. You cannot create a Canvas (which is an element, as in HTML element) outside the context of a document. That is why to create one you do: document.createElement('canvas') and there is no other way. `document`, by the way, being none other than: > document.constructor function HTMLDocument() { ... } HTML is more than just the syntax. :)