You will find that the entirety of the legal system, the world over, is like this. Asm/C/C++/similar programmers have no problem with the concept of pointers a

You will find that the entirety of the legal system, the world over, is like this. Asm/C/C++/similar programmers have no problem with the concept of pointers and one or more levels of indirection, but the gap between indirection abstraction and judicial practice likely stems from having to use statistical inference to apply the concept in law enforcement, and that's a judicial show-stopper for generally sound reasons in much of criminal law. We might be seeing some of the complexity of some classes of white collar crime and their fast-moving evolution vastly outstrip judicial concepts rooted in more prosaic criminal activities, with a simple single level of indirection capable of stymieing most laws aimed at sophisticated white collar crime. Pretty much anytime you see laws and regulations erected to prevent white collar crime above a certain level of sophistication (perhaps way above check kiting, and somewhat below securities fraud), if you look for ways to factor responsibilities and roles between separated parties and add one or more levels of indirection, then you will have found a way to flout law with impunity. As long as you are familiar with the lay of the legal and regulatory land, it is (for programmers) a fairly simple algorithm to defeat these laws. It raises the buy-in cost of the scam, but that just raises barriers to entry to competitors for those who are in on the scam. The scammers are way faster adapting than the judicial system. It is analogous to the cat and mouse game between designer drugs versus drug enforcement agencies, but far more consistently profitable for the scammers, much, much faster evolution on the scammers' side of the equation, considerably more insurance/protection angles for the scammers (in both legal, regulatory and political forms), and immensely more damaging to average people.