Douglas R. Hofstadter has written multiple books on the subject. He most directly addresses it in "Surfaces and Essences" co-written by Emmanuel Sander. It is

Douglas R. Hofstadter has written multiple books on the subject. He most directly addresses it in "Surfaces and Essences" co-written by Emmanuel Sander. It is enjoyable reading and very thorough. Pending revolutionary new insights I might even regard it as conclusive.