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Kratom actually does not cause respiratory depression and there is doubt the powdered leaf (not concentrate) alone can causes death. It began to be used in plac
by lnufnu 10y ago
Kratom actually does not cause respiratory depression and there is doubt the powdered leaf (not concentrate) alone can causes death. It began to be used in place of opium in Malaysia starting in 1836. [1]
It has already been on the market in the US for many years. It was researched by Smith, Kline & French (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline) and one of its alkaloids was patented in 1963. [2] It is aiding people in quitting opiates/heroin and is much easier to withdraw from.
Companies sell it as botanical specimens, soap ingredients, and generally label it as not for human consumption and consumers understand what they are getting. There has not been a problem, aside from the contamination with O-desmethyltramadol and consumers mixing drugs. In fact, the CDC reported only one death in six years involving kratom, as well as paroxetine and lamotrigine. There are 16 deaths where kratom has been found in autopsy reports and 14 in the scientific literature. [3]
Regulation is important. Users should be able to know that the product they are buying is safe and would probably like to know the alkaloid content, the same way marijuana strains are tested. Schedule 1 is not appropriate for this plant. It is going to encourage synthetic alkaloid production. In fact, PZM21 is being synthesized to be able to curb addiction without respiratory issues. [4] While this is great for addiction treatment, it is unfortunate that kratom will not be available for those who use it in place of opiates.
If you are interested in the research that is available, someone has uploaded it all here:
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B_SMhCuwVcKjZWxSRnA0QVFmOGc https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/0B_SMhCuwVcKjZWxS...
1. http://gradworks.umi.com/15/87/1587128.html http://gradworks.umi.com/15/87/1587128.html
2. https://www.google.com/patents/US3324111 https://www.google.com/patents/US3324111
3. http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobsullum/2016/09/01/the-deas-crazy-kratom-ban-dresses-pharmacological-phobias-in-scientific-garb/#5e14fb7f4f86 http://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobsullum/2016/09/01/the-deas-...
4. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nature19112.html http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/natu...
In case it gets removed, here are individual links to the research:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725528 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23725528
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23024321 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23024321
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20869223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20869223
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846544 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23846544
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24314525 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24314525
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25216455 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25216455
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616583 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25616583
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825913 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25825913
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3419199 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3419199
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133323 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22133323
https://www.google.com/patents/US8648090 https://www.google.com/patents/US8648090
https://www.google.com/patents/US8247428 https://www.google.com/patents/US8247428
https://www.google.com/patents/US20100209542 https://www.google.com/patents/US20100209542
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268515893_Marketing_a_Panic_Media_Coverage_of_Novel_Psychoactive_Drugs_NPDs_and_its_Relationship_with_Legal_Changes https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268515893_Marketing...
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268183866_Molecular_cloning_and_characterization_of_strictosidine_synthase_a_key_gene_in_biosynthesis_of_mitragynine_from_Mitragyna_speciosa https://www.researchgate.net/publication/268183866_Molecular...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428019 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10428019
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3202507/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3202507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018854 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22018854
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482427 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482427
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-009-0070-5 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11419-009-0070-5
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25950592 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25950592
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536806 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536806
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19294483 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19294483
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882605 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17882605
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081682 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081682
http://gradworks.umi.com/15/87/1587128.html http://gradworks.umi.com/15/87/1587128.html
http://www.americankratom.org/science http://www.americankratom.org/science
- exelius 10y agoAbsolutely agree with you. Schedule 1 seems inappropriate and would needlessly restrict any research into potential medical applications. Schedule 1 prevents organizations that receive federal grant money from studying it -- which is basically any organization capable of conducting a respectable study. But at the same time, if left unregulated, the Internet hype machine will take it from "this stuff can be beneficial when taken as part of an opiate addiction treatment plan" to "A HEALTHY ALTERNATIVE TO OPIATES THAT MAKES YOU LOOK 30 YEARS YOUNGER! DOCTORS HATE IT!"
- lnufnu 10y agoIt has been unregulated for a while and already is encouraged as an alternative to opiates and has value as an antioxidant. [1] What do you have against people using this recreationally or outside of opiate addiction? How do you think regulation will curb statements about its value? 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081682 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25081682