Research in 1984 (Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical Methods - by William S. Cleveland and Robert Mc

Research in 1984 (Graphical Perception: Theory, Experimentation, and Application to the Development of Graphical Methods - by William S. Cleveland and Robert McGill - https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/cpsc533c-04-spr/readings/cleveland.pdf https://www.cs.ubc.ca/~tmm/courses/cpsc533c-04-spr/readings/...) found that texture (what they call shading) is worse than color saturation for discrimination of quantitative differences. For categorical discrimination it is probably as good as color if limited to a few patterns.