3 ms·

They're pretty similar in philosophy. I'd guess that Robin Hood would perform better on average just by virtue of linear probing. If you get a collision in a Cu

They're pretty similar in philosophy. I'd guess that Robin Hood would perform better on average just by virtue of linear probing. If you get a collision in a Cukoo hash, you're pretty much guaranteed a cache miss. With a Robin Hood hash, it's pretty likely that the element you're looking for is in the same cacheline as the collision.

erichocean 10y ago
> If you get a collision in a Cukoo hash, you're pretty much guaranteed a cache miss. Don't people usually use buckets with cuckoo hashing, so that each location houses 2 or more values (one right after the other)? I guess I'm not seeing how that's fundamentally different from linear probing...
- doomrobo 10y ago
  It's the same problem though. As the other comment said, you have 2 uncorrelated memory locations. If you check the first one and your element isn't there, then checking the second one will probably incur a cache miss. The difference between linear probing and buckets is a big one: buckets are linked lists. That means that hitting a bucket doesn't pull everything else inside the bucket into the CPU cache. So iterating through the bucket may incur a cache miss for every element. On the other hand, linear probing in open addressing does away with buckets and instead searches the neighbors of the collision. Because they're nearby in memory, it's a lot quicker to search.
  - pkhuong 10y ago
    You can have preallocated buckets in an array. What's the difference you ask? When you have more elements per buckets, the variance becomes smaller as a fraction of the bucket's size. Imagine you had a hash table with buckets of 1000 elements. You'd probably feel comfortable with a 90% load even without any strategy to handle bucket overflow except growing and rehashing. Obviously, the downside is that we have to do more work to search in buckets.
- pbasista 10y ago
  Why would they do that? The cuckoo hashing is just a collision resolution technique used in open addressing hashing schemes. Having two possible hashes of a key always next to each other (that is what you suggest by using buckets if I understand correctly) would cause the cuckoo algorithm for kicking out the conflicting items to stop working. If both possible locations for a key are always in the same bucket, the two keys with a colliding hash would also share the alternative hash (i.e. it would be the other place in the same bucket). And so, they would only be able to kick each other out. A loop of length 2. Always. If three keys hash into the same bucket, you will have to rehash the entire table. You can have larger buckets, but the problem remains. Once a big enough number of keys hash into the same bucket, you will have to rehash the table. That would most probably mean low typical load factors. Of course, what you will be getting in return is the locality of memory references. But is that a reasonable trade-off? I think there are better ways to achieve locality of memory references...
  - cmurphycode 10y ago
    Forgive me, but I think you've misunderstood something here. The most important thing about the cuckoo is that your bucket choice functions (i.e. hashing function) are independent. If two keys hash to the same first choice bucket, their alternate hashes will (almost certainly) hash to DIFFERENT buckets. For instance, take the SHA-1 of the key. Your first bucket choice is defined by the first x bits, your second bucket choice is defined by the next x bits. But inside a bucket, you can have a bunch of slots. It works like this. A typical sizing is 4 slots in a bucket, with 2 bucket choices. So your first choice, you arrive at a bucket, and it is just a linear array of length 4. You can put your element anywhere! After a while, when you go to insert into your first choice and you find all 4 slots taken, then you can take ANY of those and try to put it in its alternate bucket. If that alternate bucket is full, you evict from that bucket, too! Thanks to the random nature of your hash functions, it works out very well. 2 bucket 4 slot gets you near 95% occupancy without many evictions on insert. When you go to lookup, you check your first bucket, and you check all 4 elements until you find it. If you don't find it, you go to your alternate bucket and check all 4 elements. But that's it - only two random accesses (the 4 slots will easily fit in a cache line). It's not so bad to check all 4 elements because the cost is really dominated by loading the line to begin with. I really recommend a read of some of the cuckoo papers, it's cool stuff.

erichocean 10y ago

> If you get a collision in a Cukoo hash, you're pretty much guaranteed a cache miss. Don't people usually use buckets with cuckoo hashing, so that each location houses 2 or more values (one right after the other)? I guess I'm not seeing how that's fundamentally different from linear probing...

doomrobo 10y ago
It's the same problem though. As the other comment said, you have 2 uncorrelated memory locations. If you check the first one and your element isn't there, then checking the second one will probably incur a cache miss. The difference between linear probing and buckets is a big one: buckets are linked lists. That means that hitting a bucket doesn't pull everything else inside the bucket into the CPU cache. So iterating through the bucket may incur a cache miss for every element. On the other hand, linear probing in open addressing does away with buckets and instead searches the neighbors of the collision. Because they're nearby in memory, it's a lot quicker to search.
- pkhuong 10y ago
  You can have preallocated buckets in an array. What's the difference you ask? When you have more elements per buckets, the variance becomes smaller as a fraction of the bucket's size. Imagine you had a hash table with buckets of 1000 elements. You'd probably feel comfortable with a 90% load even without any strategy to handle bucket overflow except growing and rehashing. Obviously, the downside is that we have to do more work to search in buckets.
pbasista 10y ago
Why would they do that? The cuckoo hashing is just a collision resolution technique used in open addressing hashing schemes. Having two possible hashes of a key always next to each other (that is what you suggest by using buckets if I understand correctly) would cause the cuckoo algorithm for kicking out the conflicting items to stop working. If both possible locations for a key are always in the same bucket, the two keys with a colliding hash would also share the alternative hash (i.e. it would be the other place in the same bucket). And so, they would only be able to kick each other out. A loop of length 2. Always. If three keys hash into the same bucket, you will have to rehash the entire table. You can have larger buckets, but the problem remains. Once a big enough number of keys hash into the same bucket, you will have to rehash the table. That would most probably mean low typical load factors. Of course, what you will be getting in return is the locality of memory references. But is that a reasonable trade-off? I think there are better ways to achieve locality of memory references...
- cmurphycode 10y ago
  Forgive me, but I think you've misunderstood something here. The most important thing about the cuckoo is that your bucket choice functions (i.e. hashing function) are independent. If two keys hash to the same first choice bucket, their alternate hashes will (almost certainly) hash to DIFFERENT buckets. For instance, take the SHA-1 of the key. Your first bucket choice is defined by the first x bits, your second bucket choice is defined by the next x bits. But inside a bucket, you can have a bunch of slots. It works like this. A typical sizing is 4 slots in a bucket, with 2 bucket choices. So your first choice, you arrive at a bucket, and it is just a linear array of length 4. You can put your element anywhere! After a while, when you go to insert into your first choice and you find all 4 slots taken, then you can take ANY of those and try to put it in its alternate bucket. If that alternate bucket is full, you evict from that bucket, too! Thanks to the random nature of your hash functions, it works out very well. 2 bucket 4 slot gets you near 95% occupancy without many evictions on insert. When you go to lookup, you check your first bucket, and you check all 4 elements until you find it. If you don't find it, you go to your alternate bucket and check all 4 elements. But that's it - only two random accesses (the 4 slots will easily fit in a cache line). It's not so bad to check all 4 elements because the cost is really dominated by loading the line to begin with. I really recommend a read of some of the cuckoo papers, it's cool stuff.