There is a strong field exploring this subject, but it's called 'software verification'. Here's a paper on automated defect detection [0], which is effectively

There is a strong field exploring this subject, but it's called 'software verification'. Here's a paper on automated defect detection [0], which is effectively a study on how to write good tests. [0] https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~mernst/pubs/mutation-effectiveness-fse2014.pdf https://homes.cs.washington.edu/~mernst/pubs/mutation-effect...