It should be noted that while the US forward auction is extremely complicated, with dozens of bidders and hundreds of regions, most national spectrum auctions a

It should be noted that while the US forward auction is extremely complicated, with dozens of bidders and hundreds of regions, most national spectrum auctions are much easier. They typically have 3 or 4 bidders and 4-8 bands for sale, run the ascending auction described in the article, and last a few days at most. The only countries where you'll see package bids (aka a combinatorial auction) is in the richer Western nations.