9 ms·

The Relation of Toxoplasma Infection and Sexual Attraction to Fear, Danger, Pain

153 points by omnibrain 10y ago

throwanem 10y ago
I'm glad this made the front page, but I'm not really sure how. I know why I voted for it; it's rare to see any research worth taking seriously that has to do with latent toxoplasmosis in humans. I'm curious why anyone else did.
- Joeboy 10y ago
  I haven't voted, but I am rather fascinated by the idea that cat parasites might be influencing human behaviour. Unfortunately I'm not really scientifically literate enough to evaluate the reliability of this and other research into the topic, but I'd like to know more.
  - type0 10y ago
    It is fascinating subject, because it is zoonosis the pathology of the human brain might not be the same as in other animals. I'm not so sure that this study was done properly.
    - deleted 10y ago
      [deleted]
- kibibu 10y ago
  Maybe the toxoplasma made you do it
- wodencafe 10y ago
  I've owned cats for awhile, and the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening. Plus, parasites are generally a bad thing, and there is not enough awareness about Toxoplasmosis.
  - manarth 10y ago
    > "parasites are generally a bad thing" There's some evidence to suggest parasitic infection can prevent or reduce some diseases, such as asthma or Crohn's disease. One study published in an ATS journal concluded: "Parasite infections do not in general protect against asthma, but infection with hookworm may reduce the risk of this disease" [1] [1] http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200603-331OC#.V7sSRI7UWfg http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200603-331O...
    - throwanem 10y ago
      I mean great, but you still have hookworm. It may well be worthwhile to identify and isolate what about having hookworm might be preventative for asthma and develop it into a therapy, but that's not quite the same thing.
  - randomThoughts9 10y ago
    >the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening wait until we'll know everything our own gut bacteria is doing to us
  - throwanem 10y ago
    Well, one commonly accepted effect of toxoplasmosis is an increased fondness for cats, and it's not hard to construct an argument that, at least in relation to modern humans, most cats pretty much are parasites. So maybe you want to think about getting serotyped, is what I'm saying here.
  - Kristine1975 10y ago
    > and the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening. More frightening than the idea of a cat controlling or influencing your behavior (by being oh so adorable)? ;-)
cm2012 10y ago
Quick PSA: The number one method of infection for toxoplasmosis is foodborne from undercooked meat (which is why France has a 90%+ infection rate). Most people focus on cats. While cats are a vector, this really only applies to cats allowed outdoors. Indoor cats bear no risk of infection. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/ Edit: Mistake on France stat, actually 50% of pop.
- gadders 10y ago
  90%+ of cats in the UK are outdoor cats.
- Steuard 10y ago
  "No risk" seems a bit strong here. (Or maybe I'm just paranoid. But I was definitely in charge of the litter box when my wife was pregnant). Could an indoor cat who has at some point shared a litter box with an outdoor cat have picked up spores (in the same way that a human might), for instance? Or, my cats were rescued as young kittens after their (stray) mother died: were they in the wild long enough to be exposed? (And how many cats adopted in the US have similar histories that their owners might not even have heard about?)
  - cowpewter 10y ago
    Cats exposed to toxo have finished shedding it after two weeks. If your cat has not been exposed to the outdoors or an indoor/outdoor cat in over two weeks, they are pretty darn safe. Maybe give it a month or two if you want to be extra sure.
  - openasocket 10y ago
    I would never want to risk it because I've seen the damage it can do. My family fosters kitten litters with a nearby animal shelter. It's normally fun and rewarding work, but we once lost an entire litter to toxoplasmosis. It;s generally harmless to people and cats, but in young kittens who don't have very strong immune systems it becomes a degenerative neurological disease. The vets initially thought it was rabies from the symptoms: lethargy progressing to a loss of motor control. We had to clean the room we kept them in with bleach, wash all the cushions and blankets thoroughly, throw out all the cat toys... I don't know what Toxo does to fetuses and infants, but based on what it does to kittens I'm not keen on finding out.
JulianMorrison 10y ago
If it makes people kinky, I applaud it. Bravo, Toxoplasma, nice work.
- taneq 10y ago
  But it makes people less kinky even though it makes them enjoy being submissive in bed more.
  - throwanem 10y ago
    That's not exactly what the study is saying, which seems rather to be that it makes people more kinky, but less likely to try to seek out partners interested in the same things they are. That, along with the fact that the authors don't merely infer or assume latent toxo in their subjects but have actually observed it, is one of the reasons I find this study interesting. That it should make people less likely to seek out outré sexual adventure seems strongly counter-intuitive in light of the increased risk-taking behavior generally supposed to correlate with the infection, and that is at the very least curious.
    - Zarkonnen 10y ago
      Yes! I was confused by this, too. Everything else I've read about toxoplasma has stated that in humans, it increases risky (or risky-feeling) behaviour like motorcycling or sky diving. But an infection that makes people more sexually submissive - that reads like the plot of a really silly piece of sci-fi porn.
      - throwanem 10y ago
        Or a subplot in a Peter Watts novel. Guy goes all kinds of places.
    - taneq 10y ago
      > In agreement with our a priori hypothesis, infected subjects are more often aroused by their own fear, danger, and sexual submission although they practice more conventional sexual activities than Toxoplasma-free subjects. We suggest that the later changes can be related to a decrease in the personality trait of novelty seeking in infected subjects, which is potentially a side effect of increased concentration of dopamine in their brain. This seems to be saying that they're more conventional in what they actually get up to (which I'm interpreting as being less kinky), even though they're more turned on by being in a threatened/submissive position. Maybe they do seek out sexual adventures but are just more vanilla when they get down to it?
some_furry 10y ago
What's especially interesting is that the described behavior in infected mice sounds like a fetish humans have called vorarephilia, and after reading this paper I wonder if the folks with that sort of fantasy are infected with Toxoplasma? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarephilia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarephilia
- throwanem 10y ago
  Hey, we all love Tay, but you don't want to take everything you read at face value, you know.
  - some_furry 10y ago
    Huh? I actually read the paper before I wrote that comment. :P While the authors claim a link between taxoplasma and fetishism, they don't elaborate on which fetishes. I haven't reviewed the supplemental data yet. Maybe vore's in there?
    - throwanem 10y ago
      > they don't elaborate on which fetishes "However, they expressed higher attraction to bondage, violence, zoophilia, fetishism, and, in men, also to masochism, and raping and being raped. Generally, infected subjects expressed higher attraction to nonconventional sexual practices, especially the BDSM-related practices, but they also reported to perform such activities less often than the Toxoplasma-free subjects." I lurk @SwiftOnSecurity, and I seem to recall seeing you active there, so my surmise was that you'd followed the link from https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity/status/767722423424692228 https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity/status/76772242342469222... - a reasonable guess, I think, albeit an erroneous one.
      - some_furry 10y ago
        See? They list "fetishism" there. They don't go any more specific though. For comparsion: I'd consider zoophilia an orientation (that I do not share), not a fetish. > I lurk @SwiftOnSecurity, and I seem to recall seeing you active there I'm @SoatokDhole and I sent SOS the link to this HN thread :3
ekianjo 10y ago
The way the data was collected looks like junk in the first place: > The subject also had to answer a question “Are you infected with Toxoplasma, the cat parasite that is dangerous especially to pregnant women?” by ticking one of the three suggested answers: “I do not know or am not sure, I was not laboratory tested,” “No (I was tested by a medical doctor and the blood test gave a negative result,” and “Yes (I was tested by a medical doctor and the blood test gave a positive result.” Implicitly, the first answer (“I do not know …”) was ticked. Ideally you would medically test the patients and make sure they are unaware for what they are tested. Asking them to answer such a question is going to massively decrease whatever you can say about what's claimed.
- throwanem 10y ago
  Read further; the subjects of this study were also examined and had labs drawn which included a toxo test, and were issued unique codes which they provided with their study responses: > At the end of the questionnaire, the participants could provide their unique “guinea pig code.” Because of the rather sensitive sex- and health-related contents of this questionnaire, it was “signed” only by 8% of the responders. However, other questionnaires distributed in this community were signed by most of responders (Flegr & Hodny, 2016). These results showed that most of participants who were aware of their toxoplasmosis status (and nearly all male responders) had been tested for toxoplasmosis in our lab. Unless I'm badly misreading the paper, they were therefore able to correlate study responses with confirmed presence or absence of latent toxo, with a high degree of specificity. It's odd that they would also include a question on the same subject, and I'm not competent to evaluate their methods of statistical analysis, but even the attempt to correlate study responses with laboratory data puts them head and shoulders above pretty much anyone else I've seen publish on this topic.
  - ekianjo 10y ago
    Let me quote that again: > These results showed that most of participants who were aware of their toxoplasmosis status (and nearly all male responders) had been tested for toxoplasmosis in our lab. So they only had a confirmation for the positive/negative cases, but they have no way to confirm that the ones who say "not sure" were accurately reporting their answers. That's a pretty big gap they use to draw conclusions.
billwilliams 10y ago
So uh, no actual experiment here. Even with the methods they're using we're not really getting causality. Seems like they're just saying cat people (or raw meat eaters) are more into BDSM.
- deleted 10y ago
  [deleted]

153 points by omnibrain 10y ago

I'm glad this made the front page, but I'm not really sure how. I know why I voted for it; it's rare to see any research worth taking seriously that has to do with latent toxoplasmosis in humans. I'm curious why anyone else did.

Joeboy 10y ago
I haven't voted, but I am rather fascinated by the idea that cat parasites might be influencing human behaviour. Unfortunately I'm not really scientifically literate enough to evaluate the reliability of this and other research into the topic, but I'd like to know more.
- type0 10y ago
  It is fascinating subject, because it is zoonosis the pathology of the human brain might not be the same as in other animals. I'm not so sure that this study was done properly.
  - deleted 10y ago
    [deleted]
kibibu 10y ago
Maybe the toxoplasma made you do it
wodencafe 10y ago
I've owned cats for awhile, and the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening. Plus, parasites are generally a bad thing, and there is not enough awareness about Toxoplasmosis.
- manarth 10y ago
  > "parasites are generally a bad thing" There's some evidence to suggest parasitic infection can prevent or reduce some diseases, such as asthma or Crohn's disease. One study published in an ATS journal concluded: "Parasite infections do not in general protect against asthma, but infection with hookworm may reduce the risk of this disease" [1] [1] http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200603-331OC#.V7sSRI7UWfg http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/full/10.1164/rccm.200603-331O...
  - throwanem 10y ago
    I mean great, but you still have hookworm. It may well be worthwhile to identify and isolate what about having hookworm might be preventative for asthma and develop it into a therapy, but that's not quite the same thing.
- randomThoughts9 10y ago
  >the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening wait until we'll know everything our own gut bacteria is doing to us
- throwanem 10y ago
  Well, one commonly accepted effect of toxoplasmosis is an increased fondness for cats, and it's not hard to construct an argument that, at least in relation to modern humans, most cats pretty much are parasites. So maybe you want to think about getting serotyped, is what I'm saying here.
- Kristine1975 10y ago
  > and the idea of a cat parasite controlling or influencing my behavior (and the behavior of others) is both fascinating and frightening. More frightening than the idea of a cat controlling or influencing your behavior (by being oh so adorable)? ;-)

cm2012 10y ago

Quick PSA: The number one method of infection for toxoplasmosis is foodborne from undercooked meat (which is why France has a 90%+ infection rate). Most people focus on cats. While cats are a vector, this really only applies to cats allowed outdoors. Indoor cats bear no risk of infection. http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/ http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/ Edit: Mistake on France stat, actually 50% of pop.

gadders 10y ago
90%+ of cats in the UK are outdoor cats.
Steuard 10y ago
"No risk" seems a bit strong here. (Or maybe I'm just paranoid. But I was definitely in charge of the litter box when my wife was pregnant). Could an indoor cat who has at some point shared a litter box with an outdoor cat have picked up spores (in the same way that a human might), for instance? Or, my cats were rescued as young kittens after their (stray) mother died: were they in the wild long enough to be exposed? (And how many cats adopted in the US have similar histories that their owners might not even have heard about?)
- cowpewter 10y ago
  Cats exposed to toxo have finished shedding it after two weeks. If your cat has not been exposed to the outdoors or an indoor/outdoor cat in over two weeks, they are pretty darn safe. Maybe give it a month or two if you want to be extra sure.
- openasocket 10y ago
  I would never want to risk it because I've seen the damage it can do. My family fosters kitten litters with a nearby animal shelter. It's normally fun and rewarding work, but we once lost an entire litter to toxoplasmosis. It;s generally harmless to people and cats, but in young kittens who don't have very strong immune systems it becomes a degenerative neurological disease. The vets initially thought it was rabies from the symptoms: lethargy progressing to a loss of motor control. We had to clean the room we kept them in with bleach, wash all the cushions and blankets thoroughly, throw out all the cat toys... I don't know what Toxo does to fetuses and infants, but based on what it does to kittens I'm not keen on finding out.

JulianMorrison 10y ago

If it makes people kinky, I applaud it. Bravo, Toxoplasma, nice work.

taneq 10y ago
But it makes people less kinky even though it makes them enjoy being submissive in bed more.
- throwanem 10y ago
  That's not exactly what the study is saying, which seems rather to be that it makes people more kinky, but less likely to try to seek out partners interested in the same things they are. That, along with the fact that the authors don't merely infer or assume latent toxo in their subjects but have actually observed it, is one of the reasons I find this study interesting. That it should make people less likely to seek out outré sexual adventure seems strongly counter-intuitive in light of the increased risk-taking behavior generally supposed to correlate with the infection, and that is at the very least curious.
  - Zarkonnen 10y ago
    Yes! I was confused by this, too. Everything else I've read about toxoplasma has stated that in humans, it increases risky (or risky-feeling) behaviour like motorcycling or sky diving. But an infection that makes people more sexually submissive - that reads like the plot of a really silly piece of sci-fi porn.
    - throwanem 10y ago
      Or a subplot in a Peter Watts novel. Guy goes all kinds of places.
  - taneq 10y ago
    > In agreement with our a priori hypothesis, infected subjects are more often aroused by their own fear, danger, and sexual submission although they practice more conventional sexual activities than Toxoplasma-free subjects. We suggest that the later changes can be related to a decrease in the personality trait of novelty seeking in infected subjects, which is potentially a side effect of increased concentration of dopamine in their brain. This seems to be saying that they're more conventional in what they actually get up to (which I'm interpreting as being less kinky), even though they're more turned on by being in a threatened/submissive position. Maybe they do seek out sexual adventures but are just more vanilla when they get down to it?

some_furry 10y ago

What's especially interesting is that the described behavior in infected mice sounds like a fetish humans have called vorarephilia, and after reading this paper I wonder if the folks with that sort of fantasy are infected with Toxoplasma? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarephilia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorarephilia

throwanem 10y ago
Hey, we all love Tay, but you don't want to take everything you read at face value, you know.
- some_furry 10y ago
  Huh? I actually read the paper before I wrote that comment. :P While the authors claim a link between taxoplasma and fetishism, they don't elaborate on which fetishes. I haven't reviewed the supplemental data yet. Maybe vore's in there?
  - throwanem 10y ago
    > they don't elaborate on which fetishes "However, they expressed higher attraction to bondage, violence, zoophilia, fetishism, and, in men, also to masochism, and raping and being raped. Generally, infected subjects expressed higher attraction to nonconventional sexual practices, especially the BDSM-related practices, but they also reported to perform such activities less often than the Toxoplasma-free subjects." I lurk @SwiftOnSecurity, and I seem to recall seeing you active there, so my surmise was that you'd followed the link from https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity/status/767722423424692228 https://twitter.com/SwiftOnSecurity/status/76772242342469222... - a reasonable guess, I think, albeit an erroneous one.
    - some_furry 10y ago
      See? They list "fetishism" there. They don't go any more specific though. For comparsion: I'd consider zoophilia an orientation (that I do not share), not a fetish. > I lurk @SwiftOnSecurity, and I seem to recall seeing you active there I'm @SoatokDhole and I sent SOS the link to this HN thread :3

ekianjo 10y ago

The way the data was collected looks like junk in the first place: > The subject also had to answer a question “Are you infected with Toxoplasma, the cat parasite that is dangerous especially to pregnant women?” by ticking one of the three suggested answers: “I do not know or am not sure, I was not laboratory tested,” “No (I was tested by a medical doctor and the blood test gave a negative result,” and “Yes (I was tested by a medical doctor and the blood test gave a positive result.” Implicitly, the first answer (“I do not know …”) was ticked. Ideally you would medically test the patients and make sure they are unaware for what they are tested. Asking them to answer such a question is going to massively decrease whatever you can say about what's claimed.

throwanem 10y ago
Read further; the subjects of this study were also examined and had labs drawn which included a toxo test, and were issued unique codes which they provided with their study responses: > At the end of the questionnaire, the participants could provide their unique “guinea pig code.” Because of the rather sensitive sex- and health-related contents of this questionnaire, it was “signed” only by 8% of the responders. However, other questionnaires distributed in this community were signed by most of responders (Flegr & Hodny, 2016). These results showed that most of participants who were aware of their toxoplasmosis status (and nearly all male responders) had been tested for toxoplasmosis in our lab. Unless I'm badly misreading the paper, they were therefore able to correlate study responses with confirmed presence or absence of latent toxo, with a high degree of specificity. It's odd that they would also include a question on the same subject, and I'm not competent to evaluate their methods of statistical analysis, but even the attempt to correlate study responses with laboratory data puts them head and shoulders above pretty much anyone else I've seen publish on this topic.
- ekianjo 10y ago
  Let me quote that again: > These results showed that most of participants who were aware of their toxoplasmosis status (and nearly all male responders) had been tested for toxoplasmosis in our lab. So they only had a confirmation for the positive/negative cases, but they have no way to confirm that the ones who say "not sure" were accurately reporting their answers. That's a pretty big gap they use to draw conclusions.

billwilliams 10y ago

So uh, no actual experiment here. Even with the methods they're using we're not really getting causality. Seems like they're just saying cat people (or raw meat eaters) are more into BDSM.

deleted 10y ago
[deleted]