I would add, in many/most cases using fork() without calling exec() just doesn't make sense. Even at the system call level you have clone(), which is how actual

I would add, in many/most cases using fork() without calling exec() just doesn't make sense. Even at the system call level you have clone(), which is how actual threading is implemented under the covers. And really, if you need a thread, just get a thread. I see extremely few or no advantages to doing fork() instead of spawning a new thread normally using whatever interface is provided (except in the case of exec() where fork() or vfork() is necessary).