are you sure? i think in your cosmic ray example, you get well defined behaviour producing unexpected results - its a subtle distinction, but that's part of wh

are you sure? i think in your cosmic ray example, you get well defined behaviour producing unexpected results - its a subtle distinction, but that's part of why UB is horrible, its results can be even less reasonable than those of random bit twiddling. e.g. your standard conforming addition function will still always perform addition - now if by definition that function merely looked like an addition but was actually describing UB, the result could be anything at all, including multiplication (unlikely, but possible) and doing nothing at all (very likely).