Some TIFF-derived container is the most common representation. But note even these could use JPEG/J2K if desired. Most microscopy images are stored uncompress

Some TIFF-derived container is the most common representation. But note even these could use JPEG/J2K if desired. Most microscopy images are stored uncompressed or with lossless compression. But unfortunately this doesn't scale with newer imaging modalities. Here's two examples: Digital histopathology. Whole-slide scanners can create huge images e.g. 200000x200000 and larger. These are stored using e.g. JPEG or J2K in a tiled BigTIFF container, with multiple resolution levels. Or JPEG-XR. When each image is multiple gigabytes, lossless compression doesn't scale. SPIM involves imaging a 3D volume by rotating the sample and imaging it from multiple angles and directions. The raw data can be multiple terabytes per image and is both sparse and full of redundant information. The viewable post-processed 3D image volume is vastly smaller, but also still sparse. For more standard images such as confocal or brightfield or epifluorescence CCD, lossless storage is certainly the norm. You don't really want to perform precise quantitative measurements with poor quality data.