The US[1] doesn't recognized the "sweat of the brow" doctrine for copyright. There is no copyright on a "mere collections of facts", and no IP rights cover coll

The US[1] doesn't recognized the "sweat of the brow" doctrine for copyright. There is no copyright on a "mere collections of facts", and no IP rights cover collected data. Give that, what role does copyright law play (at least in the US) in preventing data sharing? I thought it was limited based on patient confidentiality, collaborator agreements, end-user agreements, desire to maximize publications from the same data, and other non-copyright issues which were at play. ([1] Other countries are more restrictive than the US in this regard.)