Even those not living in city centers are affected by this. 1) It implies a lack of mobility from job-poor places to job-rich places 2) Suburbs outside of job

Even those not living in city centers are affected by this. 1) It implies a lack of mobility from job-poor places to job-rich places 2) Suburbs outside of job-rich cities are similarly seeing land values rise: marginal land is expanding outward to exurbs Ideally, we'd see people be able to chase well-paying jobs by moving to denser, job-rich areas if they wished to, but that's become an impossibility. As far as solutions go, I think it basically boils down to: 1) People can live in exurbs and ex-exurbs, and work through VR 2) We can lower land costs with a land value tax. I prefer the latter to the former.