We disagree on that definition. The defining attribute of an HSM is protection against software compromise of the main computer. Having provided near-perfect

We disagree on that definition. The defining attribute of an HSM is protection against software compromise of the main computer. Having provided near-perfect defense against a software-only adversary, many HSM vendors then add layers and layers of protection for the hardware. But the real key is ensuring that someone who gets root on your server can use your keys but not copy them.