IIRC some soccer players and athletes have obtained the blessing of a friendly imam to break their fast during competitions for safety reasons. I don't know if

IIRC some soccer players and athletes have obtained the blessing of a friendly imam to break their fast during competitions for safety reasons. I don't know if this is widely approved or not. For your questions, as usual Wikipedia has the basics: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan