Poor index performance effects all your queries, regardless of scale. Better more practical advice might be: if you don't need to use a X as a PK, don't use a

Poor index performance effects all your queries, regardless of scale. Better more practical advice might be: if you don't need to use a X as a PK, don't use a X as a PK. Where X can be either UUID or BIGINT. If you don't expect your table to scale past a billion rows, INT is more than fine.