Ayaan Hirsi Ali expressed the difference between classical and modern liberalism perfectly. Classical liberalism values freedom, whereas today's liberalism ofte

Ayaan Hirsi Ali expressed the difference between classical and modern liberalism perfectly. Classical liberalism values freedom, whereas today's liberalism often favors justice. To take Islam as an example: the classical liberal response would be to strive for the the freedom of individual women, heretics, and homosexuals. Today's liberal response would be more along the lines of judging how justly society treats Muslims as a group. Identity politics is rife in modern liberalism. In Ali's view (and mine) freedom is a precursor to justice.