"To Kodesh, Microsoft’s initiatives were driven by the dictates of the company’s technology, rather than the wishes of consumers." That's the simplest summary,

"To Kodesh, Microsoft’s initiatives were driven by the dictates of the company’s technology, rather than the wishes of consumers." That's the simplest summary, really. The bureaucracy problems feed into this, but you don't need much more. When you're designing to please people who won't be using the system, at the expense of those who will, nothing else is going to matter. You will fail.