Here's a couple of papers describing metadata resistant anonymity systems that may help you understand how "chaff" traffic can help obfuscate real traffic. It's

Here's a couple of papers describing metadata resistant anonymity systems that may help you understand how "chaff" traffic can help obfuscate real traffic. It's not as simple as generating random noise because real traffic patterns can be identified with confirmation or intersection attacks. Aqua: http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2013/papers/sigcomm/p303.pdf http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2013/papers/sigcomm/p... Dissent: http://bford.info/pub/net/panopticon-cacm.pdf http://bford.info/pub/net/panopticon-cacm.pdf Of particular interest to your question are the threat models.