I remember that when I learnt Probability Theory at Uni around 1996, I got a 3- in the exams (german grades go from 6 (the worst) to 1 (the best), a - indicatin

I remember that when I learnt Probability Theory at Uni around 1996, I got a 3- in the exams (german grades go from 6 (the worst) to 1 (the best), a - indicating a tendency towards the worse grade, and + indicating a tendency towards the better grade). Everyone else in that year got a worse grade ... And we were all (aspiring) mathematicians. The thing is, if you want to teach that stuff in a way that is both rigorous with respect to theoretical underpinnings, while at the same time making sure that the student can actually apply in practice what they learnt ... that's a pretty difficult task, even if your students are all mathematicians. Now, I have no idea what a good way to teach these things to non-mathematicians would be! Edit: I always was quite astonished of how easily Biologists etc. seem to have understood quite complicated probabilistic mathematics, but now I understand that mostly they are just cargo culting stuff they don't really understand.