Are there any data that actually confirms there is a real pay gap for people with the same aptitude in any given professional area? In the 1st world at least?

Are there any data that actually confirms there is a real pay gap for people with the same aptitude in any given professional area? In the 1st world at least? Is that the closest study we have in this regard (http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/05/gender-pay-gap-0 http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2016/05/gender-... for instance) shows the real pay gap to be only 1.6% and that is not accounting for any other factors than formation and work time. That very small 1.6% can easily be explained by the higher amount of work leave time woman have for taking more sick days and for maternity (I'm not saying it's fair that woman are very slightly put back at work for maternity leave, it's clearly not, I'm just saying that the difference in the salary is very small in any case).