I wrote a tool a long time back for testing PowerShell remoting connections that started with name resolution, then tried ICMP, TCP, HTTP, WinRM, etc. to figure

I wrote a tool a long time back for testing PowerShell remoting connections that started with name resolution, then tried ICMP, TCP, HTTP, WinRM, etc. to figure out what layer was failing. Ping was critical to start out with because if it worked but IP-based protocols failed it was nearly always an IPSec problem. If ping didn't work, it was the firewall.