TPS led to Lean thinking in general (http://www.lean.org/whatslean/principles.cfm http://www.lean.org/whatslean/principles.cfm) and the principles can be appli

TPS led to Lean thinking in general (http://www.lean.org/whatslean/principles.cfm http://www.lean.org/whatslean/principles.cfm) and the principles can be applied to manufacturing as well as it can product development or indeed software. I would agree that the implementation as applied to manufacturing is poorly suited to one-off projects, but would consider work in the fields of product dev and software (sometimes called Kanban) to be highly appropriate. In the case of Kanban there are those that would argue that incremental and iterative approaches are not well suited to large scale projects, though I think that this due these processes still be relatively new to organisations capable of pulling off huge projects, rather than a deficiency in the methodology itself.