> That messages and (at least single dispatch) methods are identical was settled decades ago. This has been modeled out from message passing and procedural cod

> That messages and (at least single dispatch) methods are identical was settled decades ago. This has been modeled out from message passing and procedural code semi-formally, with the first discussion (that named the duality) being available here: https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/wi08/cse221/papers/lauer78.pdf https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/classes/wi08/cse221/papers/lauer78.p... And it's fine for multiple dispatch as well, btw. Higher kinded types reward everyone equally here.