4 ms·
I'll have a go at defining it, term-by-term, > smooth Meaning no abrupt kinks (for a notion of abrupt which is probably not physically achievable, so don't wo
by KenoFischer 11y ago
I'll have a go at defining it, term-by-term,
> smooth
Meaning no abrupt kinks (for a notion of abrupt which is probably not physically achievable, so don't worry to much about it) or jumps/discontinuities in the path of a particle, applying to both space and time
> timelike
roughly speaking, traveling slower than the speed of light
> future-directed
meaning going into the direction of causality
> with intersections
meeting itself again.
In other words, it's a path through space/time on which you experience your own local time as always running forward, but yet somehow you end up in the past.
Perhaps an analogy is in order. Suppose we were in 1+1 dimensions, with the time dimension being compact (closing in on itself). Visualize this as an infinite cylinder (the infinite axis being space). Now, let's impose a finite speed of light (for simplicity 1cm/s) and define the direction of causality, say counter-clockwise. Then, this spacetime has CTC, because we can find a path that, is smooth, future-directed (going around counter-clockwise) and timelike (going at angles < 45 degrees compared to the spacial axis). The simplest such would be a simple circle around the cylinder, but any curve that matches the above rules and intersects itself would be considered a CTC.
Now, as a final note " a crude way of bringing out the fact that the application of familiar local laws of relativistic physics to a spacetime background which contains CTCs typically requires that consistency constraints on initial data must be met in order for a local solution of the laws to be extendable to a global solution." means the following. When we usually do physics, we know what happens locally (e.g. ball get shot at wall, bounces back), so we simply have to figure out (or decide if we're doing a thought experiment) where everything is in the universe at some particular time, apply our rules everywhere and we essentially know what's happening everywhere, anywhere. This doesn't work any more in the presence of CTC. "Consistency conditions" basically just means that you have to chose your placement of objects in such a way that they don't cause any paradoxes (there's a more technical notion here, but that's essentially what's meant).
- dvt 11y agoAwesome explanation, +1.
- studentrob 11y agoIf time travel is possible, why is consistency a concern? If one thing changes at one time, couldn't another change at the same time? Could time travel exist without our being aware of it by constantly changing our understanding of events such that there appears to have been no change? Does consistency mean that some change must cause many other changes in order to make everything end up in perfect alignment?
- KenoFischer 11y agoConsistency here is a mathematical statement. Think about the cylinder example, and suppose you want to assign a number of each location. Then, naturally, going once around the cylinder puts you back at the same spot on the cylinder, so it needs to have the same number. At this point it is useful to remember that the numbers on the cylinder are fixed. We're already representing time as the compact dimension of the cylinder, so there's no extra time dimension. Now, with this setup, let's imagine living in this 1D world, just sitting still, reading off numbers. Our life would be cyclic with period cm/((2pi r)s).
- studentrob 11y agoOkay, thanks for your reply. For me this is not plain English =)
- KenoFischer 11y agoLet me try to phrase this a different way. Suppose the universe is a database, where (t,x,y,z) are the unique keys. For every key there is some value of "physical reality" at that point in spacetime. All the original statement is saying that if you want to generate such a database by starting with only some of the entries and applying the laws of physics, then in the presence of CTC, there are some very strict conditions on what those initial rows can be if you don't want to run into a situation where you'd want to assign two different values to the same key (e.g. by getting to the same point forwards in time and backwards in time).
- studentrob 11y ago