When working with a low-level cryptography API for the first time, you can easily miss a step and subsequently mistake ciphertext for plaintext. Unless the leng

When working with a low-level cryptography API for the first time, you can easily miss a step and subsequently mistake ciphertext for plaintext. Unless the length or contents of the result fails to match your expectations, you'll have no way to know otherwise. Indeed, the notion of what expectations you can even have of the data, in principle, relates to information theory and reducing said expectations is crucial to keeping private transmissions secure.