This could be a good starting point for research: A 2015 study from the European Parliament - "The US legal system on data protection in the field of law enforc

This could be a good starting point for research: A 2015 study from the European Parliament - "The US legal system on data protection in the field of law enforcement. Safeguards, rights and remedies for EU citizens"[1] Specifically it says: > With regard to EU citizens, the [US] Supreme Court has held that foreign citizens resident abroad are not covered by the Fourth Amendment. It appears to be based on this Supreme Court case[2]: United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez [1] http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/519215/IPOL_STU%282015%29519215_EN.pdf http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2015/51921... [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Verdugo-Urquidez https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Verdugo-Urqui...