The founding principle of universities (in Paris and Bologna 5 centuries ago…) was educating students outside of the clerical teaching system in place at the ti

The founding principle of universities (in Paris and Bologna 5 centuries ago…) was educating students outside of the clerical teaching system in place at the time. In Bologna it was even more striking, as it was the (foreign) students that created the university and found, paid and lead the teachers. From what I understand in Paris it was more teacher-lead. From what I read in this thread, Harvard has not a all deviated from this when it was founded (but might have been taken over by other interests now, of course).