That is a flawed puzzle. Warning, partial spoiler to the bogus solution included here. ------------- ------------- The solution proposes that for the first

That is a flawed puzzle. Warning, partial spoiler to the bogus solution included here. ------------- ------------- The solution proposes that for the first question, I turn to god A and ask "Hey, A, if I were to ask you 'Are you Random', would you say 'ja'?" Either A is Random or is not - we have those two cases to consider. Let's consider the case where A is, in fact, Random - only I don't know it yet. The problem, as stated, says that since A is Random, for each question posed to him, he "mentally flips a coin" and then answers as if he were Truth or as if he were Falsity. So while we're considering the case that A is Random, we have two sub-cases to consider: that he will answer as Truth or that he will answer as Falsity. Let us consider the sub-case where A, although Random, will answer as Truth. Finally, we have sub-sub-cases more: perhaps 'ja' means "yes" or perhaps it means "no". And so, we'll consider the sub-sub-case where 'ja' means "yes". So A is Random, has chosen to answer my first question as Truth, and 'ya' means yes. My question (in the bogus solution) is: "Hey, A, if I were to ask (in your current mental state) 'Are you Random?' would you say 'yes'?" God A (who is Random and who will answer this one question as Truth) reasons thusly. He thinks to himself: "If this guy had asked me 'Are you Random', since I have decided to tell Truth, I would answer 'yes' ('ja').' However, that was not the question put before me - a different question was put before me. Random (that's me, A) flips the coin once per question asked. If he were to have asked 'Are you Random' that would have entailed a coin flip separate from the current coin flip. That other coin flip could have gone either way and so, really, I might have answered 'yes' or 'no' ('ya' or 'da'). In other words, we made it clear to this guy that he was supposed to ask a simple yes or no question and instead he asked a question to which the only True answer would be 'dajadaja' [god-speak for 'maybe']." At that point, god A would produce from his sleeve the Magic Wand of Heyting (which was manufatured during the god-wars recorded in the book of RejectingTheLawOfTheExcludedMiddle) and smite me for failing to ask a yes/no question after being clearly instructed to do so. In other words, with the proposed (bogus) answer, should A happen to be Random, and his coin come up Truth, and should 'ja' happen to mean 'yes' -- then I will go to my grave never knowing which god is which. (Similar analysis probably applies to other sub-sub-cases.) Very badly framed puzzle (but one that would be hard to frame soundly without giving away the intended answer).